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|Section1= |Section2= |Section6= |Section7= |Section8= }} Hydrochloric acid is a clear, colorless, highly pungent solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl) in water. It is a highly corrosive, strong mineral acid with many industrial uses. Hydrochloric acid is found naturally in gastric acid. It was historically called acidum salis, muriatic acid, and spirits of salt because it was produced from rock salt and green vitriol (by Basilius Valentinus in the 15th century) and later from the chemically similar substances common salt and sulfuric acid (by Johann Rudolph Glauber in the 17th century). Free hydrochloric acid was first formally described in the 16th century by Libavius. Later, it was used by chemists such as Glauber, Priestley, and Davy in their scientific research. With major production starting in the Industrial Revolution, hydrochloric acid is used in the chemical industry as a chemical reagent in the large-scale production of vinyl chloride for PVC plastic, and MDI/TDI for polyurethane. It has numerous smaller-scale applications, including household cleaning, production of gelatin and other food additives, descaling, and leather processing. About 20 million tonnes of hydrochloric acid are produced worldwide annually. ==Etymology== Hydrochloric acid was known to European alchemists as ''spirits of salt'' or ''acidum salis'' (salt acid). Both names are still used, especially in other languages, such as (ドイツ語:Salzsäure), (オランダ語:Zoutzuur), (スウェーデン語:Saltsyra), and (ポーランド語:kwas solny). Gaseous HCl was called ''marine acid air''. The old (pre-systematic) name ''muriatic acid'' has the same origin (''muriatic'' means "pertaining to brine or salt", and thence ''muriate'' means hydrochloride), and this name is still sometimes used. The name "hydrochloric acid" was coined by the French chemist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac in 1814.〔Gay-Lussac (1814) "Mémoire sur l'iode" (Memoir on iodine), ''Annales de Chemie'', 91 : 5-160. (From page 9: ) ''" … mais pour les distinguer, je propose d'ajouter au mot spécifique de l'acide que l'on considère, le mot générique de ''hydro'' ; de sorte que le combinaisons acide de hydrogène avec le chlore, l'iode, et le soufre porteraient le nom d'acide hydrochlorique, d'acide hydroiodique, et d'acide hydrosulfurique ; … "'' ( … but in order to distinguish them, I propose to add to the specific suffix of the acid being considered, the general prefix ''hydro'', so that the acidic combinations of hydrogen with chlorine, iodine, and sulfur will bear the name hydrochloric acid, hydroiodic acid, and hydrosulfuric acid ; … )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「hydrochloric acid」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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